Determinants of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Public Health Facilities of Dire Dawa City Administration, Eastern Ethiopia, Case-control Study, 2017

Abstract

Abstract Background: The World Health Organization global reports on Tuberculosis showed that Ethiopia is among the ten top high burden countries in terms of prevalence or incidence. According to Federal Ministry of Health Annual performance report in 2014/15 there was high Tuberculosis case notification in Dire Dawa city administration which was 400/100,000 cases were reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the determinants factors of pulmonary tuberculosis among individuals aged above 15 years old in public health facilities of Dire Dawa city Administration. Methods: Unmatched case–control study design was implemented in public health facilities of Dire Dawa city administration from October to December 2017. The study population included 285 subjects (95 cases and 190 controls in a ratio of 1:2). The data was entered into Epi-Info 7, cleared and analyzed with SPSS version 20. A binary logistic analysis was used to measure the association between the dependent variable and independent variables using an Odds Ratio and 95% CI and Statistical significance was set at α ≤ 0.05. Result: The mean age was 32.46 ±12.72 years and 32.66 ± 12.54 years for cases and controls respectively. Multivariable logistic regression showed that patients who had no formal education (AOR: 7.6; 95% CI, 3.7–15.4), Male patients (AOR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.5-5.5), having no income and earning low income (AOR: 3.9; 95%CI: 1.4-10.7) and (AOR: 2.8; 95%CI: 1.2-6.5) respectively, housing affordability (Rented) (AOR: 4.9; 95%CI: 2.6-9.4), HIV Positive (AOR: 3.3; 95%CI: 1.2-9.4), contact history (AOR: 8.6; 95% CI: 3.9–19.3), Low Body Mass Index (AOR: 19.8; 95%CI: 8.7-45.5), cigarette smoking (AOR: 7.7; 95%CI: 2.7-21.8) and having separated kitchen (AOR: 0.25; 95%CI: 0.13-0.48) were significantly associated with pulmonary TB status. Conclusion: This study showed Gender, Educational status, Monthly income, Smoking cigarette, Contact history, Low Body Mass Index, Being HIV positive and not having separated kitchen were significantly associated with being infected with Pulmonary TB. Efforts to reduce Pulmonary TB infection among HIV patients should be strengthened by health professionals especially at ART department.