SPHMMC Research Repository

The Institutional Research Repository of St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC) serves as a centralized digital archive that preserves and showcases the scholarly output of the college community. It hosts research works produced by current and past members of SPHMMC, including undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as faculty across diverse departments.

By providing open access to theses, dissertations, faculty publications, and collaborative projects, the repository strengthens knowledge sharing, supports academic excellence, and ensures that the contributions of the college’s researchers remain accessible for future learning, innovation, and policy development.

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Recent Submissions

HEALTH POLICY OF THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA
(2024) Ministry of Health - Ethiopian
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and its associated factors among intubated adult patients admitted in public hospitals in Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia.
(2024) Mengist, Estibel
Abstract Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is Pneumonia that develops after 48 hours of endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy. It leads to prolonged mechanical ventilation, extended stays in intensive care units, higher healthcare costs, the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria, and increased morbidity and mortality. Whereas, limited studies, conducted on magnitude and associated factors of VAP in Ethiopia. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the magnitude of ventilator-associated pneumonia and associated factors among intubated adult patients admitted in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2024. Methods: A facility-based retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted among 341 randomly selected intubated ICU admitted adult patients’ cards from January 1st, 2021, to December 30th, 2023 GC. Variables with a bi-variable analysis value of P < 0.25 were sent straight to a multivariable analysis. On multivariable analysis P- Values <0.05 were considered statistically significant at a 95% confidence interval using SPSS version 26 software. Result: A total of 335 patient charts were enrolled in the study with a response rate of 98.2%. More than half of the participants 191 (57%) were male. The median age of patients was 40 years (IQR of 26–56 years). This study determined that the magnitude of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) was 31.3% (95% CI: 26.3 % - 36.4 %). The study revealed that age ≥60 (AOR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.51-7.12), re-intubation (AOR: 4.8, 95% CI: 2.4-9.4), duration of patient on mechanical ventilator (AOR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.4-7.2), tracheostomy (AOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.2 5.2) and emergency intubation (AOR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3-4.6) were identified factors significantly associated with VAP. Conclusion: This study determined the magnitude of VAP was 31.3% among patients who were admitted to the adult intensive care unit, with identified factors increasing odds of VAP being advanced age, re-intubation, duration of patient on mechanical ventilator, tracheostomy, and emergency intubation. Therefore, policymakers and health planers should address these identified factors to improve patient outcomes and healthcare costs. Keywords: Associated factor, Ethiopia, Magnitude, Ventilator-associated pneumonia
KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICE TOWARDS VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM PREVENTION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG NURSES WORKING AT PUBLIC SPECIALIZED HOSPITALS IN CENTRAL ETHIOPIAN REGION, 2024
(2024) Aman, Abdi
Abstract Background: - A venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a blood clot that blocks the flow of blood through the vein. The problem is steadily increasing in low‐income countries where resources are scarce. Moreover, in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia found a high prevalence of venous thromboembolism (50.4%) among hospitalized patients. So Nurses are crucial in the prevention of venous thromboembolism. Objectives: - to evaluate knowledge, practice towards venous thrombi-embolism prevention and associated factors among nurses working at public specialized hospitals in central Ethiopia region, 2024 Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from May 1 / /2024 to July 1 / /2024 at Central Ethiopia Region of public specialized hospital. Systematic random sampling was deployed to select 422 respondents. Data was entered into Epi-data version7 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science version 27 to be analyzed. To determine where there is significant relationship between the dependent and independent variable, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was carried out Results: - Overall, about 53.4% and 43.4% of nurses had good knowledge and practice towards VTE prevention, respectively. The odds of having knowledge of VTE prevention were two times higher among BSc holders compared with those with a diploma [(AOR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.72 6.27)], and the odds of having knowledge of VTE prevention were six times higher among nurses who had received training [(AOR = 6.4, 95% CI = 4.27–9.74)]. The odds of practicing VTE prevention were two times higher among nurses who had received training compared with those who had not [(AOR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.64–11)], and the odds of practicing VTE prevention were twelve times higher among nurses with a good level of knowledge compared with those with poor knowledge [(AOR = 12.3, 95% CI = 7.6–15.85)]. Conclusion: - This study revealed that educational status and receiving targeted training were significantly associated with good knowledge of VTE prevention. Additionally, a good level of knowledge about VTE prevention and receiving targeted training were significantly associated with a high level of practice towards VTE prevention. Keywords: - Knowledge, Practice, Venous Thromboembolism Prevention, Associated Factors, Nurse
Valvular heart disease treatment outcomes and associated factors among adult patients admitted at selected hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
(2024) Ayele, Tewodros
Abstract Background: Valvular heart disease presents significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide, often leading to hospital admission and affecting patient outcomes in treatments modalities, there remains a gap in understanding the factors influencing treatment outcomes among patients admitted to hospitals with valvular heart disease (VHD). Objective: The primary objective of this research is to analyze treatment outcomes and identify factors influencing these outcomes among adult patients admitted to selected hospitals of AA, Ethiopia with valvular heart (VHD). The study aims to provide evidence regarding treatment outcomes and associated factors of Valvular heart diseases in Ethiopia context. Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted on 423 adult valvular heart disease (VHD) patients admitted to selected hospitals in AA,Ethiopia, from January 2021_2023. All patient charts meeting’s the inclusion criteria were included. Data were collected from these charts, cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi-info version 7.2, then exported to SPSS version 26 for further analysis. A binary logistic regression model with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and a 95% Confidential Interval (CI) was used to identify candidates for multivariable logistics regression analysis then, variables with a p-value less than 0.25 selected and candidated for multivariate analysis. Result: From the total patients 383(90.55%) had good treatment outcome while 40(9.5%) of them had poor treatment outcome. This study have identified 3 variables to be significantly associated with poor treatment outcome smoking (AOR 2.8; 95% CI [0.69-7.09] P-value 0.045), Presence of comorbidities (AOR 3.2; 95% CI [1.5-6.89] P-value 0.02) and alcohol drinking (AOR 3.68; 95% CI [0.19-4.78] P-value 0.025). Conclusion: From the total patients 383(90.55%) had good treatment outcome while 40(9.5%) patients had poor treatment outcome. This has found presence of comorbidity, drinking alcohol and smoking cigarette to be significantly associated with poor treatment outcome of Valvular heart disease(VHD). All the variables found to be significant are modifiable and can be corrected. Key words: Valvular Heart Disease, Treatment outcomes, Association Factors, Hospitals.
Magnitude and Associated Factors of Upper Airway Obstruction among Pediatric Patients in St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College.
(2024) Teshome, Chaltu
Abstract Background: Upper airway obstruction is one of the most challenging acute emergencies. Unless promptly diagnosed and managed, it rapidly progresses to hypoxia and cardiac arrest Severe upper airway obstruction accounted for 3.3 % of all pediatric intensive care unit admissions; however, there is limited information about upper air way obstruction in pediatrics and its cause particularly in the public hospitals of Addis Ababa. Objective: To assess magnitude and associated factors of upper airway obstruction among pediatric age group visited in Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted at SPHMMC from March 2023 to June 2024. A random sampling technique was used to select the charts of pediatric age group who attended the SPHMMC. Data were collected by three data collectors using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The data were collected via a questionnaire developed using the Google forms web application and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics were carried out and presented with narration, tabulation, and graphical presentation. Binary logistic regressions were computed to determine the association between variables. The association was determined using an adjusted Odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) at a p-value of < 0.05. Result: Our study revealed that the Magnitude of Upper air way obstruction in the pediatric age group was 2.5 %. more than half of (57%), the participants were Male. The mean age of the participants was 5.3 years. Many of the patients (88%) had come from urban area, Age and duration of stayed in hospital were factors significantly affecting upper air way obstruction among pediatrics. Conclusion: The magnitude of upper air way obstruction among pediatrics are common in SPHMMC and the major cause was foreign body aspiration followed by Epiglottis, Bacterial tracheitis, Hyperthyroidism. Therefore, increasing awareness and education on the signs and symptoms of upper air way obstruction and ensure a safe environment for children to prevent accidental ingestion of foreign objects to minimize problems. Key words: Magnitude, pediatrics, upper airway obstruction, Emergency.