SPHMMC Research Repository

The Institutional Research Repository of St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC) serves as a centralized digital archive that preserves and showcases the scholarly output of the college community. It hosts research works produced by current and past members of SPHMMC, including undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as faculty across diverse departments.

By providing open access to theses, dissertations, faculty publications, and collaborative projects, the repository strengthens knowledge sharing, supports academic excellence, and ensures that the contributions of the college’s researchers remain accessible for future learning, innovation, and policy development.

Communities in SPHMMC Repository

Select a community to browse its collections.

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3

Recent Submissions

Assessment of early neurodevelopmental outcome of patients with moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy at 3 and 6 Months: A Multicenter Study in Addis Ababa.
(2026) Mohamed, Munira
Abstract Background:- Neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is an important cause of permanent damage to central nervous system tissues that may result in neonatal death or manifest later as cerebral palsy or developmental delay or learning disability and epilepsy. Surviving neonates with severe birth asphyxia and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy has variable neurodevelopmental outcomes. Despite advancements in neonatal intensive care, a significant proportion of neonates who survive moderate to severe HIE continue to face adverse outcomes, including cerebral palsy, developmental delays, and cognitive impairments. Objective:- Assessment of early neurodevelopmental outcome of patients with moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in Addis Ababa. Methods:- hospital-based, prospective cohort study with descriptive longitudinal analysis was conducted from June, 2025,– February, 2026, G.C. The data were collected using a standard questionnaire using a pretested structured interviewed and chart review questionnaire. The sample size was calculated based on the primary binary outcome (normal vs abnormal HINE score at six months). Using a 95% confidence level (Z = 1.96) and an expected proportion of abnormal outcomes of 20% from previous high-risk infant cohorts, the required sample size to estimate this proportion with a margin of error of 10%. rounded to 62. To increase precision, 10% of dropout/no responders was added and a total of 70 infants were enrolled. All enrolled infants completed follow-up assessments, and there was no loss to follow-up. Results: At three months, the median HINE score was 51.0 (; range 22–60), with 57% of infants demonstrating abnormal neurological findings, and 55% classified as having severe neurological impairment. At six months, the median HINE score increased slightly to 58.0 (range 19–69), with 61% of infants continuing to show abnormal findings, of whom 72% had severe impairment. Among infants with normal neurological performance at three months, 86.7% remained normal at six months, while 97.5% of those with abnormal findings at three months continued to demonstrate abnormal performance. Severity-based analysis revealed predominantly persistent outcomes, particularly among infants with severe impairment at baseline. After adjustment, neonatal seizures remained an independent predictor of poor outcome at six months (adjusted odds ratio 14.7; 95% CI: 10.55–49.62; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Abnormal neurological findings are highly prevalent among infants with moderate to severe HIE, particularly in those with stage III HIE and neonatal seizures. prolonged resuscitation also has poor outcome. Early identification, close follow-up, and timely neuroprotective interventions are essential to support neurological development and optimize outcomes in this high-risk population. Key word:-encephalopathy, neurodevelopment, SPHMMC
Success rate and factors associated with success of vaginal birth after one previous cesarean delivery in SPHMMC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
(2024) Belete, Gashaw
Summary BACKGROUND: A trial of labor after cesarean section is an attempt to deliver vaginally by women who had a previous cesarean delivery and when achieved by a vaginal delivery it is called successful vaginal delivery after cesarean section. Vaginal birth after cesarean section is a preferred method to decrease complications associated with repeated cesarean section delivery for both mother and fetus. It has a higher success rate when the right women are selected for trial of labor. This study aimed to assess success rate and factors associated with success of vaginal birth after one lower uterine segment transverse cesarean section delivery in SPHMMC Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2025. Objectives: The main objective of this research is to identify success rate and factors associated with vaginal birth after cesarean section in whom previously had one lower uterine segment transverse cesarean section from JANUARY 1 2023 DECEMBER 31 2023 at SPHMMC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methodology: Hospital based cross-sectional study will be conducted from 1st may to 31 June 2025. After the minimum sample size is determined using the single population proportion formula and assuming the margin of error to be 5%, with 95% level of significance and adding a 5% none response rate, the sample size will become 216. By using a standardized pre-tested questionnaire, data will be collected and entered using kobotoolbox for analysis and bivariate and a multivariate logistic regression analysis will be conducted to see association of the variables and control confounders. Ethical clearance will be obtained from the ethical clearance board. Confidentiality of the data will be maintained throughout data collection, processing and dissemination on of the results. Timeline and budget: This research will be conducted from 1st July to 30 Augest 2025.The estimated total budget required to conduct the research will be 37385ETB.
Knowledge and Associated Factors Regarding Developmental Delay Among Primary Health Care Professionals in Selected Health Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 2025
(2025) Manaye, Merkeb
ABSTRACT Background: - Developmental delay refers to condition which a child fails to reach the developmental domains at the expected age. Child development is a maturation process that progresses sequentially through five key domains of development. Early childhood development assessment is an ongoing process of observing, collecting, documenting, and analysing data to measure a child's progress over time. General objectives: - The aim this study was to assess the knowledge and associated factors regarding developmental delay among primary health care providers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.2025. Methods: - Cross sectional study was conducted from August 1, 2025 – October 30, 2025. In selected 12 health centers and 611 healt professionals who work in out patients department, maternal and child care department and health extension Program department were randomly selected and provided a questionarie. Self administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were collected by trained data collectors using structured questionnaires in the facility settings. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS v26. The data analysis applied both descriptive statistics and inferential. Descriptive results are presented by tables and charts. Logistic regression modeling was used for predictive statistics to determine factors affecting Knowledge of the health care professonals on dvelepemtal delay assessment skills. Result:- Among 611 respondents 75.2 % had sufficient knowledge on developmental delay assessemets. Having training on developmental delay was 5.9 fold, Having the guideline avaialeable 6.7 fold, and being Health extension worker/ certified early childhood development professionals was 9.6 fold [((AOR (95% CI) 5.89(2.4-14.3)), (AOR (95% CI) 6.68(2.8-15.4)), and (AOR (95% CI) 9.55(1.2-76.5))] consecutively showed strong positive association to a good knowledge while being Bsc nurse in educational background showed 85.1% less likely to have a good knowledge on the study matter [(AOR (95% CI) 0.149(0.040 0.54)]. Conclusion & Recommendation: -Majority of the respondents had sufficient knowledge but needed to be higher than the result. Therefore the concerned bodies should work to enhance professional training pre- employment and on job , and work on the provisions & utilizations of the guideline in every service points. Keywords: - Developmental delay, Knowledge, Associated factors, Primary health care professionals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
ASSESSMENT OF PREVALENCEAND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF COMMON MENTAL DISORDERS AMONG CANCER PATIENTS ATTENDING ST. PAUL’S HOSPITAL MILLENNIUM MEDICAL COLLEGE ONCOLOGY OPD, ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA
(2020) DESTA, HAISH
Abstract Background: common mental disorders are common co-morbid among cancer patients affecting, 29–60% of cancer patients. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the magnitude of common mental disorders (CMDs) and factors associated with it among cancer patients in Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Hospital based analytic cross-sectional study which included 179 cancer patients was conducted in SPHMMC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. CMDs were assessed using standard tool Kessler 10. Descriptive statistics were done based on the standard Kessler 10 cut off points (0–19, 20–24, 25–29, and 30–50). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was done to identify factors associated with CMD. Result: The prevalence of CMDs among breast cancer patients were 27.4% (49/179). According to the Kessler 10 score categorization, (19/179 (10.6%), 17/179 (9.5%), and 13/179 (7.3%) of these patients were having mild, moderate and severe CMD respectively. 130/179 (72.6%) were likely to be well. Comorbid medical illness, employment and family history of CMD were significantly associated with CMDs. Conclusion: This study found that one in four among cancer patients had CMD. This study demonstrated significant association between CMD and chronic medical illnesses, family history, & employment status among adult cancer patients. Researcher should aware oncology unit on the findings, and Practitioners and policy makers needs to be sensitive to findings of this study Keywords: CMD, Kessler 10, cancer, Ethiopia
LENGTH OF STAY IN PSYCHIATRY INPATIENT AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AT ST. PAULS HOSPITAL MILLNIUM MEDICAL COLLEGE.
(2026) Yusuf, Mohammed
ABSTRACT Background: Hospital length of stay (LOS) is one of the stratified measures of health-care efficiency and is commonly used to assess the performance of psychiatric care. In sub-Saharan Africa, the number of psychiatric beds per population is disproportionately low. Moreover, there is a lack of data regarding the patterns of psychiatric admissions and the factors leading to long psychiatric hospitalization in this region. The results of the study will be useful for the staff members when they want to devise a treatment plan or give discharge to a patient. Objectives: To assess the length of stay and associated factors with the psychiatry inpatient at SPHMMC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from 1- Oct 2019- 31 Dec 2024 GC. Methods: Retrospective chart reviewing a cross-sectional study of 5 years duration was conducted at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Psychiatric inpatient acute and recovery ward. All eligible and accessed chart records of admitted patients in the study period of 240 were reviewed. For the factors associated with the length of stay, the patients’ clinical documents were the source of data regarding. The data was coded, entered and then analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software. The demographic and clinical data of patents were computed using descriptive statistics in percentages and frequencies. The associated factors with the outcome variable were done in bivariate and multivariable logistic regression and presented in tables. Results: The mean age of participants was 30 ± 9.95 years, with most patients aged 18–29 years (54.2%) and male (65.4%). Schizophrenia (32.1%) was the most common primary diagnosis. The median length of hospital stay was 37 days, with 7.9% a prolonged stay. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, prolonged length of hospital stay was independently associated with female sex (AOR = 4.5; 95% CI: 1.12–18.04, p = 0.034), rural residence (AOR = 7.9; 95% CI: 1.75–36.42, p = 0.007), and having two or more previous psychiatric admissions (AOR = 6.8; 95% CI: 1.45–32.06, p = 0.015). Conclusion: Prolonged psychiatric hospitalization was significantly associated with female sex, rural residence, and having multiple prior psychiatric admissions. These findings underscore the importance of considering patients’ sociodemographic characteristics and pre admission history, rather than focusing solely on primary diagnoses at the time of admission, when analysing inpatient length of stay. Keywords: Length of Stay, Prolonged length of hospital stay, Psychiatric inpatient.