Mortality and associated factors in Intensive Care Unit of Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency, and Trauma Hospital: A two year Hospital based Cross-sectional study

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Intensive care unit services are on the rise across the globe despite issues of inadequacy in the quality of care and accessibility and outcome is still poor being at its worst in developing countries, like Ethiopia. But, still data to improve these gaps is lacking. Hence, this study intended to investigate the mortality and associated factors among patients admitted to Addis Ababa burn, emergency and trauma Hospital. Methods: A 2 year single center cross-sectional study was conducted on 480 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency and Trauma Hospital from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022 using systematic random sampling technique. Data was gathered from patient charts and Intensive Care Unit register using a checklist and exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis aimed at investigating the mortality and associated factors among admitted cases. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used for association with a P value of ≤ 0.05 at 95% confidence interval taken as statistically significant. Results: Among 368 sampled cases, 75% of them were males; with median age being 30yrs. Average length of ICU stay was 16.4days. 63.3% of patients came from Oromiya with trauma and road traffic accident as mechanism of injury accounting for 260(70.7%) and 140(52.1%), respectively. 93.2% of the patients have had intubation with an average 10.9 days of mechanical ventilator use. The overall mortality was 31.8%. Admission Glasgow coma scale of ≤8, Hospital acquired infection, post-cardiac arrest, acute kidney injury, intubated patients, shorter ICU LOS, and sodium disorders were found to have significant association with intensive care unit mortality. Conclusion: The overall mortality was low. Admission Glasgow coma scale of ≤8, Hospital acquired infection, post-cardiac arrest, acute kidney injury, intubated patients, shorter ICU LOS, and sodium disorders were found to have significant association with intensive care unit mortality. There should be devotion and commitment to decrease rate of complications by giving emphasis to evaluation of patients meticulously to prevent complications. Key words:-Mortality, Intensive Care Unit, AaBET, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia