TRENDS OF DISEASE PATTERN CLINICAL OUTCOME AND PREDICTORS OF OUTCOME OF MEDICAL PATIENTS ADMITTED IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT AT ST.PAUL’S HOSPITAL MILLENIUM MEDICAL COLLEGE IN ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Intensive care unit(ICU) is a special department of a hospital or health care facility that provides intensive care medicine . Mortality rates in the ICU strongly depend on the severity of illness and the patient population analysed . In any hospital, the ICU care unit has the highest mortality rate of any unit. Research on ICU outcomes provides valuable information on developing more improved models for patient-centered outcomes, better individual outcome prediction, and alternative outcome predictions under different treatment paradigms. Method and material: A hospital based crossectional study using secondary data from chart review was conducted among adults who were admitted at Medical ICU of the hospital between September, 2019 to October,2020 G.C . Data was entered in to Epi-Info version 3.1 then exported and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows version 25.0. Statistical significance was considered at a p value of < 0.05. Result: Common diagnosis that led to ICU admission were infectious and parasitic diseases origin (55.1%), followed by diseases of the cardiovascular origin (16.8%)and disease of the respiratory system (15.3%). The most common specific indication for ICU admission was pneumonia, constituting 31.6% of all admission. Cardiac disease were the commonest (13.3%) co-morbid conditions. Overall mortality rate of patients admitted in medical intensive care unit in the hospital was 47%. Multiple organ failure was the leading cause of death(49.5%).Time of admission, source of admission, consciousness during admission, length of ICU stay, frequency of ICU admission, co-morbid illness and complication were predictors of death at medical ICU. Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrated that the high mortality rate of medical patients in intensive care unit in St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College. . The independent factors associated with the highest risk of death are; time of admission, length of ICU stay, frequency of ICU admission and complication. Further studies, preferably prospective cohort studies are needed to identify and characterize the underlying causes of mortality in the study area and elsewhere. Keywords: SPHMMC, intensive care unit , admission pattern, clinical outcome