Determination of magnitude and histopathologic patterns of odontogenic tumors & Cysts in St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical college, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Over the period of 4 years from 2018 to 2022

Abstract

Summary Background: Odontogenic tumors and cysts are rare and heterogeneous group of diseases specifically seated in jaw bones. Odontogenic tumors originate from odontogenic tissue by epithelial or mesenchymal proliferation or both. These tumors have variable clinical and histopathologic features. Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the magnitude and Histopathologic types of odontogenic tumors and cysts diagnosed in Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College over the period of 4 years from May 2018 to May 2022. Methods: Retrospective study was conducted on biopsy results of odontogenic tumors and cysts based on 2017 World Health Organization classifications. The data was collected from electronically archived files in Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College,pathology department. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Packages of Social Sciences version 25.0. Results: In this study there were total of 213 signed out maxillary and mandibular odontogenic tumor. The neoplastic cases were predominant accounting for 131(61.5%), from which 127(59.6%) cases were benign and 4(1.9%) were malignant.Non-neoplastic tumors(cyst) accounted for 82(38.5%). Overall Ameloblastoma was the most common odontogenic tumor in current study accounting for nearly a third, 79(34.3%), of all tumors followed by radicular cyst 33(15.5%),Odontogenic Keratocystic 19(9%), and dentigerous cyst 16(7.5%). There were 4 malignant odontogenic tumors in this study. 3(1.4%) were ameloblastic carcinomas and 1(0.45%) was Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma. Out of 82 non-neoplastic tumors radicular cysts were the most prevalent accounting for 33(40.2%) of the caseses followed by Odontogenic Keratocystic 19(23.2%) and dentigerous cyst 16(19.5%). Majority of odontogenic tumors were diagnosed in male patients accounting for 120(56.3%) & 93(43.7%) were female patients with male to female ratio of 1.3:1. The age range was between 1 year to 80 years, with mean age of 29.6years.The mandible was predominant site origin accounting for 57.7% of all odontogenic tumors. Conclusions: The most common odontogenic tumor was ameloblastoma in current study. The most common non-neoplastic tumor(cyst) was radicular cyst. Histopathologic patterns of these tumors were diverse and varying from country to country. Benign tumors were common in young age group with peak at 3rd decade but malignant tumors were observed at advanced age. Generally mandible of male patients was common site of origin. Key words: Odontogenic tumors, Odontogenic cyts, Ameloblastoma, Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ethiopia