DETERMINANTS OF BRONCHIECTASIS AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING CHEST CLINIC OF ST. PAUL’S HOSPITAL MILLENNIUM MEDICAL COLLEGE, ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease characterized by cough and purulent sputum, recurrent infections, and airway damage. It affects people of all ages, and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Objective: To assess factors associated with bronchiectasis among patients attending chest clinic at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A case-control study was conducted among 230 patients (77 cases and 153 controls) who attended chest clinic at SPHMMC from April 1, 2022 to June 30, 2022. Data was collected using a chart review and questionnaire. Then, data was entered and cleaned using Epi Info version 7.2 statistical software and then transferred to SPSS version 25 Statistical software for further analysis. Frequencies and cross-tabulations were used to summarize descriptive statistics of the data. Chi-square test was used to determine the associations between dependent and independent variables and variables having P- value of less than or equal to 0.05 were considered as having association with the dependent variable. Binary logistic regression was done to establish association for variables with computed p value < 0.05. Results: Among patients with bronchiectasis 38 (49.35%) are male and 39 (50.65%) are female. Among patients with no bronchiectasis 79 (51.63%) are male and 74 (48.37%) are female. The median age is 52 for patients with bronchiectasis and 53 for those without bronchiectasis. The research has identified significant association between bronchiectasis and pulmonary tuberculosis (adjusted odds ratio = 6.182; 95% confidence interval = 3.163 – 12.083, P < 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (adjusted odds ratio = 2.896; 95% confidence interval = 1.460 – 5.746, P = 0.002), bronchial asthma (adjusted odds ratio = 2.124; 95% confidence interval = 1.086 – 4.154, P = 0.028) and COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio = 2.786; 95% confidence interval = 1.454 – 5.340, P = 0.002). Conclusion and Recommendations: Pulmonary tuberculosis, COVID-19, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma are associated with the development of bronchiectasis. Attention should be given to early identification of bronchiectasis among patients with these lung diseases. Key words: Bronchiectasis, Determinants, Case-control, Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College