Prevalence and risk factors of Diabetes Mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance among adults living in Ambo town, community based cross sectional study

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes, one of the non-communicable diseases becoming major public health problems in Ethiopia, is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction and failure of different organs. There are few community-based studies conducted in Ethiopia. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of impaired glucose homeostasis (diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance) and associated factors for adults older than 20 years living in Ambo town, Ethiopia. t Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Ambo town in August 2019. Sample size was determined with single poulation proportion formula, considering 95% confidence interval, 5.1% of diabetes prevalence from previous study, 2% margin of error and adding 10% non response rate the final sample size was 510. Using the world health organization STEPS tool for surveillance of non-communicable diseases, data was collected by face-to-face interview and measurement of anthropometry, blood pressure, and random blood sugar using pretested questionnaire. t Bi t variate t and t multivariate t logistic were regression t t was t considered t computed t significant t using t and t SPSS t results t 20 t and t were t variables t presented t with t with t Pt value t odds t of t ratio t 0.05 t with t and t below t 95% t t interval. confidence Result: The overall prevalence of impaired glucose homeostasis was 15% among study subjects. Diabetes accounts for 5.6%, and impaired glucose tolerance accounts for 9.4%. Tobacco smoking [AOR =10. 1, 95% CI (2.68, 37.99)] and heavy alcohol consumption [AOR = 7.23, 95% CI (2.21, 23.6)], were significantly and independently associated with impaired glucose homeostasis. Out of all person with diabetes only 14.8% were aware of the illness. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of impaired glucose homeostasis was high, so is hypertension especially undiagnosed ones. This indicates the need for systematic screening and awerness programm to identify the undiagnosed cases in the community and offer early treatment and regular follow up. Tobacco smoking and heavy alcohol consumption were risk factors for impaired glucose homeostasis. Keywords: Diabetes, prevalence, Random blood sugar, Associated factors, Ambo, 2019.