MAGNITUDE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AMONG CARDIAC PATIENTS ATTENDING CARDIAC REFERRAL CLINIC AT ST. PAUL’S HOSPITAL, ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: Ischemic heart disease is a condition in which there is an inadequate supply of blood and oxygen to a portion of the myocardium, which is the leading cause of death worldwide, putting a major economic and resource burden on health and public health systems. Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and associated factors of ischemic heart disease among cardiac patients attending cardiac referral clinics at SPHMMC Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: An institution based cross sectional study design was employed, and a total of 280 patients seen from July 1/2023 to August 31/2023 were included in the study. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling technique among cardiac patients attending cardiac referral clinics at St. Paul‘s Hospital Millennium Medical College. Data was collected using a data extraction checklist and pretested interviewer administered structured questionnaires developed by reviewing different literature. The data was entered using Epidata version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for further analysis. Descriptive statistics were performed to describe the study population. Bivariable logistic regression is conducted to assess the relationship between each independent variable and dependent variable. Variables with P value of <0.25 are considered candidates for the final (multivariable) logistic regression model. The association is expressed in odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and P -value <0.05 is used as cut-off points to declare significance in the final model. Results: The study found a prevalence of 13.6% for IHD within the cardiac patient population, with a 95% CI of (9.6% to 17.5%); of which15(39.5%) presented with prior IHD without heart failure, 10(26.3%) with acute coronary syndrome and 13 (34.2%) with ischemic heart disease with heart failure. Male patients (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: (1.07-5.28)), patients with a history of diabetes mellitus (AOR = 4.5, 95% CI: (6.00-34.79)) and individuals with dyslipidemia (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: (1.13-5.49)) were more likely to develop ischemic heart disease. Conclusions and recommendations: In conclusion, the study reveals a notable prevalence of IHD among cardiac patients and identifies key risk factors associated with the condition. Male gender, a history of diabetes mellitus, and the presence of dyslipidaemia are all significant contributors to the development of IHD. Public health initiatives could focus on raising awareness about the importance of gender-specific risk factors and promoting healthy lifestyle choices to prevent the development of IHD. Keywords: Ischemic heart disease, Magnitude, St. Paul‘s hospital