Clinical Profile And Outcome Of Mechanically Ventilated Neonatesin Neonates Admitted To Intensive Care Unit In St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical Collage

Abstract

Abstract Background: The neonatal phase is widely recognized as a highly vulnerable period of life During this time, the child is at the highest risk of dying. The use of mechanical ventilation is an essential treatment approach for caring for unwell neonates. Even though there is significant mortality rate in mechanically ventilated neonate, its use has helped in survival of sick neonates. Objectives: To assess the clinical profile and outcome of mechanically ventilated neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in SPHMMC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from September 2021 to August 2023. Methods: A retrospective institution- based cross-sectional study was conducted of neonates who were admitted and mechanically ventilated in the NICU in SPHMMC paediatric and child health department between September 2021 to August 2023. A pretested and structured questionnaire was prepared and used to collect data elements from the respective patient’s records, and data was entered & analysed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression was performed. Result: Among 161 mechanically ventilated neonates 59.6% were male,40.4% were females. The most common indication for MV was RDS in 26.1% neonates. The most common complication observed during the course of MV was pulmonary haemorrhage and seizure (22 and 17cases). There was significant negative association between gestational age and mechanical ventilation and there is also significant negative association between MAS and mortality. Pulmonary haemorrhage has significant association with mortality. the overall survival rate was 39.8%. Conclusion: RDS was the most frequent reason for the application of Mechanical Ventilation (MV). The complications most often observed were seizures and pulmonary haemorrhage. Preterm infants represent the group most at risk for requiring mechanical ventilation. Key words: Neonate, mechanical ventilator, outcome, NICU, SPHMMC