Prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidity and associated factors among patients with COPD At St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC) and Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Five Years Review

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease state characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airway limitation that is not fully reversible. It is the third leading cause of death worldwide, causing 3.23 million deaths in 2019. Nearly 90% of COPD deaths in those under 70 years of age occur in low- and middle-income countries. Patients with COPD experience different complications. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in such patients. Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the Prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidity and associated factors among patients with COPD at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC) and Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH Method: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on 132 COPD patients, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria at St. Paul’s Hospital, Millennium Medical College and Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. A structured questionnaire in the English language with components of demographic data, symptoms and sign, ECG, echocardiography, and spirometry reports of COPD was used to collect data. And the data was analyzed using the statical package for social science (SPSS) version 26.0. Means, standard deviations, and percentages computed, and logistic regression model used to assess various variable relationships at a significant level of P value 0.05. Result: The study revealed that the majority of the patients were non-smokers and the mean number of pack years for smokers was 13.5. The majority of the patients lived in urban areas (77.3%) and had no occupational risk (84.1%). Cardiovascular disease was observed in 73 (55.3%). After adjusting other variables using multivariate binary logistic regression age above 75 years, 5.343(95% CI, 1.66-17.57), previous smoker, 6.952(95% CI, 1.531-31.57), COPD severity stage 3, 16.86 (95% CI, 7.289-16.520) and COPD stage 2, 9.158(95% CI, 7.72-15.2692) were significantly associated with cardiovascular comorbidity. Conclusion: The prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidity is very high (55.3%) in patient with COPD and pulmonary hypertension, arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, arrythmia, ischemic stroke and heart failure are prevalent in this study. Key words: COPD, cardiovascular comorbidity, risk of COPD, ECG, ECHO, GOLD