Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factors in Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients, Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College

Abstract

Abstract Background: Anemia is common and serious complication of Chronic Kidney Disease that presents during the early phase of the disease and worsens as the kidney function deteriorates. It contributes considerably to reduced quality of life of patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and has been associated with a number of adverse clinical outcomes. Early identification and treatment of anemia improves cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Chronic Kidney Disease patients. But usually it’s under diagnosed and under treated even in best setups. Objective: to determine the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among Chronic Kidney Disease patients on follow up at st Paul hospital millennium medical college, renal clinic. Methodlogy: hospital based cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence, clinical characteristics and associated factors of anemia in all stages of non-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease patients. The sample size was 198 as calculated by single population proportion formula and systematic random sampling technique was used. The study uses both primary and secondary data. Data is analyzed using SPSS computer software version 25. Results: The overall prevalence of anemia is 60.6% among non-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease patients. The magnitude of anemia and its severity increases with the stages of Chronic Kidney Disease. Anemia was seen in 0%, 33.3%, 23.7%, 54.5%, and 91.3% of stage 1 to 5 patients respectively. The proportion of patients with severe anemia at each Chronic kidney disease stages 1-5 is 0%, 16.7%, 0%, 9.1%, and 34.8% respectively. The stages of Chronic Kidney Disease, diabetic nephropathy, Chronic Kidney Disease with unknown cause and diuretics use are positively associated while family support, co morbid disease and Calcium channel blocker use are negatively associated with presence of anemia. Age, sex, Body mass index and Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors use are not associated with anemia. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in our Chronic Kidney Disease patients is 60.6%. More than half (51.4%) of our patients are not getting any treatment for their anemia. The baseline laboratory workups recommended by Kidney disease: improving global outcome are not done for all anemic patients. Key words; Anemia, chronic kidney disease, iron deficiency, erythropoietin, SPHMMC