Admission patterns, clinical Outcomes and Associated Factors among Adult Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit of St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College

Abstract

Abstract Background: Intensive care unit is an area within a medical facility equipped with advanced technologies and personnel trained to provide intensive care. Mortality in ICU is a global burden which results in a huge loss of productivity and financial costs. There is scarcity of information regarding critical ill patients admitted to ICU in developing country like Ethiopia. This research aims to assess the clinical pattern, outcomes and associated factors among patients admitted to SPHMMC ICU. Objectives: To assess admission pattern, clinical outcomes and associated factors of patients admitted to St Paul ICU. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College ICU. Systematic random sampling technique was applied to select 240 patients who were admitted from September 2021 to September 2023. Data were entered in to kobo tool box and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used for association. A P-value of 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval was declared clinically significant. Result: A total of 240 patients were analyzed,118(49.2%) patients were under age category of 20-40yr and 132 (55%) of patients were male.161(76.1%) had a pre-existing comorbid medical condition and 221 (92.1%) of patients were medical. Most common source of admission were from adult emergency 161(67.1%). ICU mortality rate was 42.9%. Multivariate analysis was done and mortality was strongly associated with Unconsciousness at admission AOR :4.889(1.419-16.840), Low albumin level AOR 21.862(1.324-361.06), Infectious disease category AOR:2.795(1.124-6.951), Presence of DM Comorbidity AOR ፡ 4.732(1.602-13.978), treatment with vasopressor AOR: 26.644(11.043-64.28) and less than 24hr ICU stay with AOR of 4.188(.975-17.996). Conclusion: This study showed majority of patients had preexisting comorbidity. Mortality among ICU admitted patients were strongly associated with presence of comorbidity, infectious disease category, low albumin level, short length of ICU Stay, vasopressor use and low baseline GCS at admission. Keywords: Adult ICU Patients, Mortality, Ethiopia.