PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ACNE VULGARIS AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING DERMATOLOGY OPD AT SPHMMC, ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA.

Abstract

Background: Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit of the skin. It is one of the most common skin disorders that affects about 9.4% of the population globally and occurs primarily during adolescence. The pathogenesis of acne appears to be complex and multifactorial. A large number of factors are found to be correlated with the risk of acne, including genetics, lifestyle, environmental, and hormonal factors. Objective: To determine the Prevalence and associated factors of Acne vulgaris among patients attending Dermatovenerology outpatient department at Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023G.C. Methods: An institutional based cross sectional study was conducted from June, 2023 – November 2023 G.C at dermatology Outpatient Department, St. Paul’s hospital millennium medical college, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 242 respondents who gave informed consent were recruited using a systematic random sampling technique. Data was collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and clinical examination by trained dermatology residents. Data entry and analysis were done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and cross-tabulation were calculated to measure the magnitude of selected variables and the prevalence of Acne vulgaris. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted and factors with a p-value of less than 0.25 on bivariate analysis were further entered into the multivariate analysis. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% CI was used as a measure of association and p-value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Result: A total of 242 individuals participated in this study. The prevalence of acne vulgaris was found to be 17.4 %( 95% CI (12.8-22.7)). Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis revealed that adolescent age [AOR=3.414; 95% CI (1.006-11.584)], family history of acne [AOR=5.957; 95% CI (2.295-15.458)] and oily skin type/mixed skin type [AOR=10.356; 95% CI (3.746-28.634)]/ [(AOR=5.296; 95% CI (1.096, 25.585)] were significantly associated with acne vulgaris. Conclusion: The prevalence of Acne vulgaris was found to be 17.4% in patients attending dermatology OPD at SPHMMC. Adolescent age, positive family history and, oily/mixed skin type were significantly associated with Acne vulgaris, Keywords: Acne vulgaris, prevalence, risk factor