Prevalence of bottle-feeding practice and its associated factors among mothers of infant less than six months in Addis Ababa health centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: 2022, institution based cross sectional study

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Bottle-feeding is an infant feeding modality that a significant number of infants fed either breast milk or formula. Bottle feeding practice should be avoided due to its influence on optimal breast feeding and complementary feeding practice and its effect associated with morbidity and mortality resulted from diarrheal disease, infant and child illness and malnutrition. Today practice of bottle-feeding is increasing in developed countries and urban communities of developing countries including Ethiopia. Addis Ababa is one of urban city in Ethiopia that has limited evidence on bottle feeding practice. Objective: To assess prevalence of bottle-feeding practice and its associated factors among mothers of infants less than six months in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2022. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa public health facilities. A total of 456 mothers who had infants less than six months were included. Data was collected through face-to-face interview and entered using Epi info version 7.1 software and then analyzed using SPSS version 26. In Binary logistic regression analysis models, Variables with p-value < 0.2 in bivariable binary logistic regression analysis were entered to multivariable logistic regression analysis. Finally, variables with p-value < 0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were taken as significant factor. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI was used to show the strength of association between the dependent and independent variables. Results: The overall prevalence of bottle-feeding practice in this study was 39 % with 95% uncertainty interval between 35-44%. Being male infant (AOR=0.589; 95%CI: 0.381, 0.911), being infant hospitalized (AOR=2.114; 95%CI: 1.246, 3.588), cesarean section mode of delivery (AOR=2.817; 95%CI: 1.764, 4.496) and late initiation of breast feeding (AOR=5.526; 95%CI: 3.121, 9.786) were statistically significant factors associated with bottle feeding practice. Conclusion: The magnitude of bottle-feeding practice high in Addis Ababa as compared to national prevalence (22%). Being male infant, being infant hospitalized, cesarean section mode of delivery and late initiation of breast feeding were statistically significant factors associated with bottle feeding practice. Greater efforts to promote breastfeeding should be targeted towards women with sub optimal breast feed. Key words: Associated factor, bottle feeding, Formula feed, prevalence, Ethiopia.