Outcome of burn injury and associated factor among patient visited Addis Ababa burn, emergency and trauma hospital: A two years hospital based cross sectional study

Abstract

Abstract Background: Burn is one of the critical health problem worldwide. Every day, 30,000 patients suffer new burn and annually, around 265,000 burn victims will die from fire-related burn. Developing countries of sub-Saharan and Asian populations affected more. Its mortality and non fatal complications are depend on several factors including age, sex, residency, cause, extent of burn and time and level of care given. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome of burn injury and its associated factor among patients visited AaBET hospital from April 1, 2019 to March 30, 2021. Methodology: A hospital based cross-sectional study conducted by using pretested questionnaire. Mortality and non-fatal complications of burn injury and its associated factors analyzed after data cleared, coded and entered computer by using SPSS version 25.0. Bivariate & multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify associated factors Result: 241 patients were eligible. The mean age of the patients were 18.22(SD -15.02) years. Adults(age 15 to 60 years) are most affected groups accounting for 55.2% followed by pediatric age groups (age <15 years) (43.6%) and elderlies(age > 60 years) (1.2%).Scald burn was the major cause accounting for 39 % followed by Flame burn(33.6%), Electrical burn (26.6%) and chemical burn (0.8%). The mean TBSA% was 15.49%, range from1% to 64%. Adult male more affected by electrical while adult female and elderlies are encountered Flame burn. 78.4% patients were discharged without complication, 14.9% Discharged with complication and 6.6% died. The commonest long term complication is Amputation of extremity (19, 7.9%). Age greater than 60 years and TBSA% of greater than 30% are strong predictor of mortality with odds of 2.2 at CI of [1.32-3.69] and 8.7 at CI of [1.33-57.32] respectively. Conclusion and Recommendation: Mortality rate show decrement from previous studies. Overall Scald burn is common in all age group but electrical burn and flame burns affected more adult and elderly age groups. Extremities were by far, the commonest affected body parts. Extent of burn injury and age of the patient independently predict mortality. Early intervention will reduce mortality and complications. Key words: Burn, Outcome, Associated factors, AaBET hospital, TBSA%