THE MAGNITUDE AND PATTERNS OF ACTIVE PULMONARY TB IN LIDETA SUBCITY ADDIS ABABA ETHIOPIA, TWO YEARS RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Abstract

Abstract Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that includes mycobacterium bovies, mycobacterium africanum and mycobacterium Canetti the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is one of the world’s most devastating human pathogens that cause more than 2 million deaths annually. In addition, an estimated 2 billion people are latently infected with M. tuberculosis. TB control policies emphasize the importance of case finding and treatment, particularly of Smear-positive cases aiming at a cure rate of 85%. There is limited information regarding TB in specific areas in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Objectives: To know the magnitude and patterns of active pulmonary TB among people living in Lideta sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from September 1 2008 E.C. - September 1 2010 E.C. Methods and Materials: A facility based retrospective descriptive study design was employed at Lideta sub city Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The data collection was carried out by secondary data source from already recorded document at the 4 health centers of Lideta from February to April 2018 G.C. The data were obtained from the data report of pulmonary tuberculosis patients (PTB) at Lideta sub city Health Centers. All patients diagnosed to have pulmonary TB from September 1 2008 E.C. - September 1 2010 E.C. were included in the study. Different statistical analyses were used including frequencies of variables, cross tabulations, mean, standard deviation and descriptive statistics. These were done using IBM SPSS for Windows 21. Results: A total of 212 pulmonary TB patients were registered at the 4 health centers of Lideta sub city from September 1 2008 E.C. - September 1 2010 E.C. Of these 123(58/100,000) were from the year 2008-2009 and the remaining 89(38/100,000) were from 2009-2010 which showed a decrement in the magnitude. 136(64.2%) were males and 76(35.8%) were females. Age of the patients ranges from 5 to 88 years with mean age 46.74 years and standard deviation of 16.17. The commonest presenting symptoms are cough >2 weeks 211(99.5%), weight loss 149(70.3%) and fever 137(64.6%). Previous history of PTB, contact with tuberculosis suspected cases and concurrent HIV infection were the related factors for pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: The magnitude of active pulmonary TB in Lideta sub city has shown decrement over the past 2 years. There is male sex predominance of active pulmonary TB in Lideta sub city