PATTERN AND OUTCOME OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background- Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. TBI according to world health organization TBI will surpass many diseases as a major cause of death and disability in 2030. Injuries in general, and road traffic injuries in particular are a growing national concern in Ethiopia(1). Objectives: To determine pattern and Outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury in Addis Ababa Burn Emergency And Trauma Hospital from February 01/2021 to July30/2021,Addis Ababa Ethiopia Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional survey was conducted at AaBET hospital. Patients who were admitted with TBI in the study period and fulfill inclusion criteria were included in the Study. Data was collected using structured questionnaires, trauma registry and patient chart. Data was collected by Emergency medicine and critical care residents. The collected data was entered, cleaned, edited and analyzed using spss version 25.0 statistical software. Results: From the total of 300 patients who full filled the inclusion criteria, Two hundred fourteen (81.3%) of them were males and the mean age of participants was 29.4± 17.4 with the range of 8 years-80 years .One hundred thirty-one (43.7%) of study subjects were between 16-30 years old. One hundred fourteen (38.0%) of patients had RTA, 56(18.7%) of them had FDA, 104 (34.7%) of them had interpersonal violence and 26 (8.7%) of had other causes of injury. Out of a total of 114 cases of RTA, 99 (86.8%) of study subjects had motor vehicle type of RTA from the total of patients who had brain CT abnormality, skull fracture (linear DSF& BSF) was the most common 137(33.0%) followed by intracerebral lesion (DAI, contusion & ICH) which accounted for 138(33.2%). In final multivariable logistic regression analysis; GCS was associated with poor outcome. Patients with low GCS were more likely to develop adverse outcome than those who had higher GCS (AOR=0.029; 95% CI 0.002, 0.379) Conclusion and Recommendations: In this sudy,the commonst cause of traumatic brain injury was road traffic accident and young males are the commonest victims. In addition, low Glasgow coma scale was highly associated with unfavorable outcome of patients. Since most of the TBI cases are due to road traffic crashes, there is a need for appropriate preventive measures to help reduce the frequency of head injury in our population. Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, Road traffic accident, violence,