Valvular heart disease treatment outcomes and associated factors among adult patients admitted at selected hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Abstract

Abstract Background: Valvular heart disease presents significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide, often leading to hospital admission and affecting patient outcomes in treatments modalities, there remains a gap in understanding the factors influencing treatment outcomes among patients admitted to hospitals with valvular heart disease (VHD). Objective: The primary objective of this research is to analyze treatment outcomes and identify factors influencing these outcomes among adult patients admitted to selected hospitals of AA, Ethiopia with valvular heart (VHD). The study aims to provide evidence regarding treatment outcomes and associated factors of Valvular heart diseases in Ethiopia context. Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted on 423 adult valvular heart disease (VHD) patients admitted to selected hospitals in AA,Ethiopia, from January 2021_2023. All patient charts meeting’s the inclusion criteria were included. Data were collected from these charts, cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi-info version 7.2, then exported to SPSS version 26 for further analysis. A binary logistic regression model with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and a 95% Confidential Interval (CI) was used to identify candidates for multivariable logistics regression analysis then, variables with a p-value less than 0.25 selected and candidated for multivariate analysis. Result: From the total patients 383(90.55%) had good treatment outcome while 40(9.5%) of them had poor treatment outcome. This study have identified 3 variables to be significantly associated with poor treatment outcome smoking (AOR 2.8; 95% CI [0.69-7.09] P-value 0.045), Presence of comorbidities (AOR 3.2; 95% CI [1.5-6.89] P-value 0.02) and alcohol drinking (AOR 3.68; 95% CI [0.19-4.78] P-value 0.025). Conclusion: From the total patients 383(90.55%) had good treatment outcome while 40(9.5%) patients had poor treatment outcome. This has found presence of comorbidity, drinking alcohol and smoking cigarette to be significantly associated with poor treatment outcome of Valvular heart disease(VHD). All the variables found to be significant are modifiable and can be corrected. Key words: Valvular Heart Disease, Treatment outcomes, Association Factors, Hospitals.