MAGNITUDE OF CONGENTIAL MALFORMATIONS AMONG NEONATES ADMITTED TO SPHMMC, A ONE YEAR REVIEW

Abstract

Abstract Background: Congenital anomalies are defined as structural or functional anomalies that are present at birth. Congenital anomalies can affect any part of the body or any physiologic system. Worldwide the prevalence of congenital anomalies is 3-4%. Objectives: The study was aimed at determining the magnitude of congenital anomalies and the associated factors in St Paul’s hospital millennium medical college neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: The study was carried out in SPHMMC NICIU, a cross sectional retrospective review of charts of patients diagnosed with congenital anomalies on HMIS at NICU over a year period. The data was cleared and entered into SPSS, chi square was be used to analyze associations between the variables. Result: There was a total of three thousand three hundred and fifteen neonatal admissions to the NICU over the one year study period. 94 CA were picked. Fifty two (55.3%) were male and forty two (44.7%) were female. Most of the mothers (83%) were in the age group of 20-35. 70.2% of the mothers were from region 4, 28.7% from region 14, and 1.1% from region 3. 71.3% of the mothers had ANC follow-up and also received iron supplements. 45.7% of CA occurred in para 1 mothers, 39.4% in parity of 2-4 and 1.1 % in above 4 parity. Most of the neonates (80.9%) with CA were in the gestational age between 35-40 weeks. The percentage of neonatal anomalies in SPHMMC was 2.83%. The most common anomaly was NTD(32.1%) followed by musculoskeletal and orofacial. Conclusion: The prevalence and pattern of CA is not well researched in our country. This impedes policies and society to address this issues. However, the 2.83% at SPHHMMC is an indicator of a problem. NTD was the most common CA. this should create a root based changes starting from folic acid supplementation in reproductive aged women, creation of awareness on NTD and effect of folic acid supplementation, increases on awareness on antenatal care for mothers.