Medication Adherence and its Associated Factors among Patients with Selected CardiovascularDiseases attending Butajira General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia, 2023

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: The burden of cardiovascular diseases continues to increase globally. Adherence to medications plays a central role in the therapeutic success of chronic disease patients. However, poor adherence remains a global challenge with various consequences. Although evidence regarding context-specific factors is necessary to devise intervention programs, such data in the study setting are rather scarce. Objective: To assess medication adherence and its associated factors among patients with selected cardiovascular diseases attending Butajira General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia, 2023 Methods: An institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted at Butajira General Hospital. A systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit patients with cardiovascular diseases having follow up at the hospital. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire, and adherence was assessed with Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). The collected data were entered into Epi-info version 7.2.2.2, and then analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics such as mean±standard deviation, and percentages (frequencies)was used to summarize the background characteristics and adherence levels. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with medication adherence. Crude and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were computed, and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Texts, tables and figures were used to present results. Results: A total of 375 out of 381 patients completed the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 98.4%. Most (89.1%) had hypertension and 41 (10.9%) had cardiac disorders. Overall, about one fourth (25.3%;95) were adherent while the majority (74.7%;380) were non-adherent. According to multivariable regression, lack of enrolment to health insurance (AOR: 2.38, 95%CI (1.29,4.40)), presence of sleep disturbance (AOR: 3.09, 95%CI (1.66,5.76)), lack of in facility medication availability (AOR:16.33, 95%CI (8.64,30.84)), and lack of counselling (AOR: 2.73, 95%CI (1.53,4.87)) were the factors significantly associated with non-adherence among the patients. Conclusion: Three-fourths of patients with cardiovascular diseases had medication non adherence, which was found to be associated with lack of enrolment to health insurance, presence of sleep disturbance, lack of in-facility medication availability, and lack of counselling. Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases, Medication adherence, Butajira Hospital, Ethiopia