MAGNITUDE OF METASTATIC ESOPHAGEAL CANCER AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULT PATIENTS AT ADAMA HOSPITAL MEDICAL COLLEGE ONCOLOGY CENTER, ETHIOPIA.

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: One out of six deaths worldwide is believed to be related to cancer, with around 20 million new cases and more than 10 million cancer deaths globally in 2020. In Ethiopia, there are limited data on factors associated with esophageal cancer metastasis. Current the study aimed to assess the factors having association with esophageal cancer metastasis among adult patients at Adama Hospital Medical College in Ethiopia. Methods: A facility based cross sectional study design was employed to assess the magnitude of esophageal cancer metastasis among patients at Adama Hospital Medical College, cancer center from December 2019 to December 2023. Three hundred seventy two (372) patients’ charts were retrieved from the Adama hospital medical college oncology center cancer registry. Data were collected using data abstraction chart. Data was entered into Epi-info version 7.2.6.0 and exported to SPSS version 27. Descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency and percentage were computed to describe and displayed in tables, graphs and charts. Binary logistics regression was applied to see the significant association of each independent variable with outcome variable. Multivariable logistics regression was employed to control the effect of cofounding in 95% CI level at p value < 0.05. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated and P value <0.05 was accepted to be statistically significant. Result: The magnitude of esophageal cancer metastasis was found to be 44.6% at 95% CI [39.5-49.6]. The leading site of distant organ metastasis were to liver 91(24.5%) and lung 66(17.7%) respectively. Being urban (AOR= 0.04, 95%CI: 0.006-0.287), both mucosal and Sub mucosal invasion (AOR= 0.02; 95%CI: 0.01-0.05), Normal weight (AOR=0.03.; 95%CI:0.001-0.65), having formal education (AOR= 0.15; 95%CI: 0.07-0.34), and occupational exposure to chemical (AOR= 4.12;95%CI:2.12-8.02) were among the statistically significantly associated predictors at the p-value of less than or equal to 0.05. Conclusion and Recommendations: The magnitude of esophageal cancer metastases among patients with esophageal cancer is higher. Residency, depth of invasion (muscularis adventia & local structures), having occupational exposure, level of education (having no formal education) and body mass index (overweight) were identified as the variables with significant association with esophageal cancer metastasis. We recommend early detection strategies at all level to patients with cancer and routinely scheduled screening for vulnerable population groups. Key words: Esophageal cancer, Metastasis, associated factors