Determinants of Neonatal Seizure, Treatment Outcomes, among Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Public Health Hospitals. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Matched Case: Control Study Design, 2024.

Abstract

Abstract Background: Neonatal seizure involves abnormal, excessive, or synchronous neuronal activity that leads to transient electrographic changes in the brain within the first 28 days of life for full-term infants. Neonatal seizures can greatly impact a baby's health and development, leading to potential brain damage, increased risk of epilepsy later in life, and other neurological disorders. Timely diagnosis and treatment are vital to reduce these risks. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify determinants of neonatal seizure, treatment outcomes among neonates with seizure admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of public health hospitals. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, matched case-control study design 2024. Method: A Nested unmatched case control study design was conducted among neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from April 01 – June 30, 2024 G.C. A two population proportion formula was used to calculate sample size with the assumption of 95% confidence level, 80% power of the test by 1:1 cases-to-control ratio)with total of 272 participants were eligible for the study; 136 cases and 136 controls were included). The data was collected with KOBO software, cleaned analyzed in SPSS Version 26. Result The study found that 50(18.4%) of neonates admitted to the Neonatal intensive care unit had poor treatment outcomes, with 76% of cases and 24% of controls having poor outcomes. This study revealed that history of maternal comorbidities (AOR: 3.533, 95%CI: 1.241, 10.057), being male (AOR: 2.272, 95%CI :1.091,4.728), neonates with birth injury (AOR: 7.216, 95%CI:2.013,25.871), longer duration of labour (AOR: 130.017%CI: 26.275,643.359), neonates who had MAS (AOR: 5.911, 95%CI: 1.409,24.807), maternal preeclampsia (AOR: 9.672, 95%CI: (3.046,10.713,), neonates with GA of >37 (AOR=2.773, 95%CI:(1.246,6.172 and neonates who had poor treatment outcome (AOR: 10.150, 95%:,3.078.33.471), respectively. Conclusion and Recommendation: This study identified the determinants factors that increasing the odd risk of neonatal seizures were maternal comorbidities, birth injuries, a history of prolonged labor, maternal age between 18-24 years and gestational age greater than 37 weeks and also this study determined the magnitude treatment outcome among neonates admitted to the NICU was poorly high in neonates which have neonatal seizure. Therefore, policymakers and healthcare planners should consider these identified determinants of neonatal seizures during neonatal seizure care training and guideline development for better treatment outcomes among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit Keywords: - Case control, neonatal Seizure, treatment outcome, Addis Ababa Ethiopia,