ASSESSEMENT OF THE PREVALENCE, ITS IMMEDIATE OUTCOME AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF PRETERM BIRTH AT YEKATIT 12 HOSPITAL MEDICAL COLLEGE NICU FROM OCTOBER 2015 TO SEPTEMBER 2016, ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA, 2017

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Every year, an estimated 15 million babies are born and this number is rising. Pre-term birth complications accounts for 35% of the estimated 3.1 million global neonatal deaths and are the second leading cause of death in children less than 5 years of age. Preterm births have different causes and risks of mortality, morbidity, impaired growth, and non-communicable diseases. Specially, infants born before 32 weeks of gestation are at particularly high risk of adverse outcomes [2-14]. Objective:The objective this study is to assess the prevalence of preterm birth, it’s immediate out come and associated factor from October 2015 to September 2016 G.C at yekatit 12 Hospital NICU admitted neonate in Addis Ababa Ethiopia 2017. 4 Methodology:This is an institution based retrospective cross sectional study. The study was conducted from October, 2015 to September, 2016 on 2187 new born births admitted to NICU I yekatit 12 hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The hospital selection is purposively selected from the six Addis Ababa Public hospitals having Neonatal intensive care unit. Data was collected using structural check list by group members. The data was code, checked and entered using Epi-Info version 7.0. It was cleaning and editing accordingly and exported to SPSS Version 21.0 and checked for missing values before analysis.Analysis was based on our findings. Result:This study showed that preterm birth was 715(33.53%), term was 1252(58.67%) and post term was 167(7.8%) from a total 2134 new born registry at INCU of yekatit 12 hospital. The mean age of mother new born was 32 yrs. The majority age of mother new born was between ages 25-29 is 821(38.47%). From those admitted to Neonatal intensive care unit, the majority of outcome was improved is 1770(82.95 %), and improved with disability is 177(8.29 %) and Death is 187(8.76 %). Maternal hypertension 816(38.24 %), and DM 255(11.95 %), It was one of the factors associated with both preterm birth and immediate death outcome of preterm birth. The other associated with death and disability was low birth weight, low APGAR score, and delay admission. The low birth weight is 597(27.98 %), very low birth weight is 517(24.22 %), extremely low weight is 103(4.83 %), low APGAR score was 869(40.72 %) and very low is 91(4.27 %) and delay new born admission was 7th-28th days is 1019(47.75 %). There was found to be significantly associated with preterm birth on the multi variety logistic regression. Conclusion and Recommendation: Prevalence of preterm birth was found to be higher (33.53%) yekatit 12 hospital. The main factors for this were maternal history of chronic illness and previous pregnancy problem presence.The factors of maternal hypertension, low birth weight, and low APGAR score remained significantly associated with both preterm birth and immediate death outcome of preterm birth. Health institutions and Health professionals are better to continuous regularly screen out pregnant mother of disease to Paying detail attention to early diagnoses and giving priority treatments. For Policy makers more to identified Preventable causes of preterm birth as well as immediate death outcome of preterm birth. For researches it was more valuable if a primary study was conducted to find more factors associated with preterm birth. Key words: Preterm birth, immediate outcome of Preterm birth, maternal factors and neonate.