MAGNITUDE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF MORTALITY AMONG PEDIATRIC PATIENTS FOLLOWING CARDIAC SURGERY IN SELECTED CARDIAC CENTERS IN ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA, 2024 RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Cardiovascular disorders are associated with high morbidity and mortality especially in sub- Saharan Africa. The Outcomes for cardiac surgery at children’s hospitals have improved over several decades, but these improvements appear to be leveling off. Mortality remains high for complex operations and perioperative complications result in morbidity that can affect patients across their life span. Objectives: To determine the magnitude and associated factors of mortality among pediatric patients following cardiac surgery at cardiac center Ethiopia in 2024. Methods: an institution-based a retrospective cross sectional study design was conducted on children who underwent cardiac surgery from January 2019 up to January 2024 in cardiac center Ethiopia. Data was collected by using structured data extraction tool and patient’s card in the selected health facility was reviewed. The data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Binary logistic regression was used to identify associated factors of mortality following pediatric cardiac surgery. Variables with P values < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were included as covariates in the final multivariate models. P values of less than 0.05 was statistically significant in the multivariable analysis. Result: We included 422 children who had surgery, 185 (56.2%) of which were males, 185(43.8%) were females. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 4 (±4) years. The mean age at time of surgery was 2years and 8month (1.7-3.9) standard deviation. At the time of surgery, none were newborns, 45 (10.7%) were infants, 148 were (35.1%) were toddlers and the rest were 227(54.2%) above the age of 3. We included 422 patients among those (28%) were PDA, VSD were (29.9%), ASD were (17.8%). Conclusion: The in-hospital mortality rate reported in this study among 422 pediatric cardiac patients was 7.3% and prolonged ICU stay, re-intervention and invasive ventilation were significantly associated with mortality. Key words: Cardiac surgery, children, complication, mortality, outcome, predictor